Learning And Development As An Organisation Process Management Essay

Learning And Development As An Organisation Process Management Essay If the Challenge of the past has been to get organized, the challenge of the future is to find ways in which we can remain open to continous self-organizations: so that we can adapt and evolve as we go along (Gareth morgan, Imagination, p.17) Learning and development is an organisational process. Learning development is a multi-faceted study. LD activity first acquired a specific organizational meaning in the USA in the 1970s. Termed human resource development its purpose was regarded as primarily about short-term training ,encompassing skills acquistion and behavioural change . It was defined by one of its most influential commentators(Nadler 1970) as: a series of organized activites conducted within a specified time and designed to produce behavioural change. Hall(1984) defined it in more strategic perspective as Strategic human resource development is the identification of needed skills and active management of learning for the long-range future in relation to explicit corporate and business strategies According to CIPDs defnition LD purpose is as follows (CIPD 2001a): The organizational process of developing people involves the integration of learning and developing process,operations and realtionships.its most powerful outcomes for the business are to do with enhanced organizational effectiveness and sustainability .For the individual they are to do with enhanced personal competence,adaptability and employability. It is therefore a critical business process , whether in for profit or not-for-profit organizations. Rosemarys definition of LD purpose is shorter than the CIPDs and has a rather different emphasis: The primary puropse of learning and development as an organizational process is to aid collective progress through the collaborative and expert stimulation and facilitation of learning and knowledge that support business goals, develop individual potential, and respect and build on diversity Learning learning is a selfdirected, work based process leading to increased adaptive capacity in other words an environment where individuals learn to learn and possess the capabilities that enable them to build thier skills and help thier organisation retain competitive advantantage. Development Development implies a longer process of learning , acquiring skills or knowledge by different means such as training, coaching, formal and informal interventions, education or planned experience. It can be strutured by human resource development (HRD)professionals, or created as a personal plan. Learning and development (LD) as a field of management research and practice is concerned with how individuals acquire or create knowledge and skills which enable them to perform and grow in thier current or future occupational role. Historical background Terms for LD as an organisational process ; In the past three terms have been widely used to describe the LD field: training and development , employement development and human resource development.The term training development is still a popular one , however training is only way of achieving development . The term employee development is now touched by political correctness , it gives a view of master- servant relationship. It is no doubt that is falling out of use at time when many organisations are referring to their members as associates or partners rather than employees. The term human resource development retains its popularity amongst academics but it has never been as attractive practitioners. They tend to dislike it because reference to people as resource is felt to be demeaning. Putting people on a mission with money, materials and equipment creates an impression of development as an essentially unfeeling, even manipulative activity. However ,using the term learning and development is not the perfect solution. What is gained in scope is lost somewhat in generalisation. learning has so many meanings . a common view is to see it as a life long activity involving three processes (onions 1973): To develop : to unfold more fully , bring out all that is contained in To educate: to bring up from childhood , so as to form habits , manners and mental and physical aptitudes To train : to instruct and discipline in or for some particular art, profession, occupation or practice: to exercise , practice ,drill. Combining these terms a conditioning process and the gaining of competencies through planned instructional activity . another kind of defnition would draw more attention to learning driven by natural curiousity. So the terms we choose to describe things matters. They influence peoples perceptions and bestows identity. An organisation that uses the term human resource development in preference to employee development, or training or learning and development has reason for that choice. LD activity is first acquired a specific organisational meaning in 1970s. Termed human resource development its purpose was regarded as primarily about short term training , encompassing skills acquistion and behavioural change . it was defined by one of its most influential commentators (Nadler, 1970) as a series of organised activities conducted within a specified time and designed to produce behavioural change. By 1980s some commentators were moving towards a more strategic perspective. According to hall(1984) strategic human resource development is the identification of needed skills and active management of learning for the long range future in relation to explicit corporate and business strategies Now it is easy to find out the stated purpose of LD activity in HSBC? And how well or badly do the employees think LD is linked to other HR practices and to organisational goals. http://books.google.com/books?hl=enlr=id=vMFcnZiT63cCoi=fndpg=PR11dq=nadler+learning+and+developmentots=YZPzM5-Ndnsig=ZY-gDyZiM3LpuLB1IGbCNpp1OcI#v=onepageq=nadler%20learning%20and%20developmentf=false The importance of context Although many employers today increasingly call for thier LD activity to be more convincingly tied to business needs, there are still many organisations where there is not happening and also where LD professionals are to make a strategic contribution. Often this because they do not relate thier activity sufficiently to context. The term has two dimesions , external and internal. The external context consists of the business environment of the organisation and other factors that have a direct relevance for LD practice within the organisation. The internal , organisational context, expressed most obvisouly in workplace culture, is most powerfully shaped by Top managements vision and values , goals and leadership Management (espcecially front line management) style and actions HR strategies and practices. According to survey by CIPD 2004 on Training and development, it showed that greater attention is now being paid to workplace learning, and that on the job training and coaching/mentoring are the most popular processes here. Thier main use , however is to improve individual peformance , tackle underpeformance and improve productivity again, not an indicator that value is placed on longer term development. CIPD (2004a) revealed Minimal evaluation of either coaching or mentoring process against business objectives Very little training provided for the line managers who carry the main burden of coaching roles Uncertainity as to what activities coaching and mentoring involve. Thus research however should be continued to show a gap between strategy delivery across the whole HR area .To tackle this gap in thier field, LD professionals need to work with line managers to build and support learning cultures that will make LD plans come to life in the workplace. Front-line mangers in particular need helping in coping with thier LD responsibilites they are much pressurised by the organisations that regulary restructure in search for competitive advantage. Importance of planning Planning is a process of developing strategies to accomplish the goals. Planning in organizations provides a logical framework approach to the goal. It helps to improve the performance of the company. Planning, learning and development is becoming increasingly important in all organizations to become successful in the present competitive world. There are various planning models like strategic planning, Issue based planning, alignment planning, scenario planning, organic planning etc.., People have to continue learning to develop their skills along with the changing world. Learning theories like behaviorism, cognitive, constructivism, design-based and humanism theories will help in understanding the importance of the LD in the organization. The concept of identifying and analyzing the importance of training and learning is necessary at different levels. The various theories and models have a functional involvement for LD research and practice. However, all the models present only a partial imminent in actual workplace. Learning and development is concerned with how the individuals can gain the knowledge and skills which will assist them to execute the performance well in his future career. Planning is very important and has to be done properly to attain a goal of the organization. Development occurs as a result of the learning,coaching,mentoring,training,planning etc..The motivation of learning and development may differ in individuals depending on their goals.Through Learning people should change from what they were and should be able to produce a proper output. LD Management development planning term refers to the activities involved in enhancing leaders, managers and supervisors abilities to plan, organize, lead and control the organization and its members. Consequently, many view the term management development to include executive development (developing executives), supervisors). leadership development (developing leaders), managerial development (developing managers) and supervisorial development (developing Management development is an effort that enhances the learners ability to manage organizations. Managing includes activities of planning, organizing, leading and coordinating resources. A critical skill for anyone is the ability to manage their own learning The main purpose of learning and development as a process is to help collective improvement through the joint and expert stimulation and facilitation of learning and knowledge that support business goals,develop individual potential and build on diversity. Leaning and development provides a wide range of activities to improve the capacity of the individual. LD can be designed to deliver specific skills in a short time to meet an immediate need or can be designed to attain broader requirements over a longer period. Theories surrounding Learning There are various theories surrounding the learning and development which include Behaviourism theories, Cogtnitivism theories ,Humanism thories, Social and situational theories etc.There are different roles for all the theories in the individual development. Aspect Behaviourist Cognitivist Humanist Social situational PLANNING: Planning consists of some essential and significant aspects to be considered, which include goals, strategies, resources, objectives, tasks etc., Goals: Goals are the important aspects that should be accomplished in total by the organization. Goals are mission of an organization. Strategies and achievements: To achieve the goals in the organization strategies should be planned and followed. Strategies are the processes in the system. Objectives: Objectives are specific targets that must be accomplished to achieve the goal in total. To achieve the goals, objectives are the milestones, which should be implementing the strategies. Tasks: In organizations people are usually assigned with various tasks to implement the plans. If the scope of the plan is small then the responsibilities and activities are essentially the same. Resources: Resources in an organization include people, material, technologies, money etc.., which are required to implement the strategies to accomplish the goals. Costs of these resources are estimated in the form of budget. Planning models There is no one perfect planning model for each organization. All the own environment and model of organization ends with developing their developing their own planning process, planning often by selecting a model and modifying it as they go along in The models like strategic planning, Issue based planning, alignment planning, scenario planning, organic planning etc An organization might choose to integrate different planning models, e.g., work force planning model in an organisation is used in developing and retaining the staff. Using a scenario model to creatively identify strategic issues and goals, and then an issues-based model to carefully strategize to address the issues and reach the goals. Planning determines the future of the organization. The focus of strategic planning is mainly on the entire organization, while the focus of the business plan is usually on a service, product or program. The planning is developed depending on the nature of the leadership, size, capability of planners etc.., in the organization. Development of the planning greatly helps to clarify the organizations plans and make sure that key leaders are all in the same play. The process of planning is more important than the strategic plan document. 1. Basic strategic model Basic strategic model of planning is a very fundamental process is normally followed by organizations that are enormously small, busy, and have not done much planning before. Planning is usually conceded out by top-level administration. This basic strategic planning process includes: a. Identifying the function of the organization (mission statement) This describes the organization its basic purpose. The statement should explain what are the client needs are and what are the services expected by them. The toplevel management should develop and agree on the mission statement. The statements will change over the years. b. Selecting the goals the organization must achieve Goals are about what the organization need to accomplish to meet the purpose. c. Identify specific strategies that must be implemented to reach the goal By closely examining the environments of the organization or by conducting PEST and SWOT analysis specific strategies should be implemented to accomplish the goals d. Implement the action plans for each strategy These are the definite actions that each department must undertake to make sure that the implementation of each strategy is done properly. Objectives should be clear, to the extent that public can assess if the objectives have been met. The top management should ideally develop detailed committees that each has a work plan. e. Monitoring the plan Planners frequently reflect on the level to which the goals are being reached and whether the action plans are being implemented correctly. The most significant indicator of accomplishment of the organization is the positive feedback from the customers. Monitoring requires existing and appropriate data. When the plans are not being implemented according to targeted time, corrective actions must be implemented to reach the target. 1. Issue based Model Organizations that start with the basic planning evolve to using this wider ranging and more efficient type of planning. Issue-Based (or Goal-Based) Planning The organizations may not perform all the following activities every year. 1. External and internal measurement to identify SWOT and PESTEL. 1. Calculated analysis to classify and prioritize major issues and goals. 2. Design most important programs to address issues and goals. 3. Design and update idea, mission and principles. Some organizations may do follow this step first in planning. 4. Establish action plans for implementing the plans. 5. Document the analysis, issues, goals and action plans of the organization. 6. Develop the yearly Operating Plan record. 7. Develop and approve financial plan for year one. 8. Monitor, estimate and update Strategic Plan document 3. Alignment Model The main principle of this model is to make sure that there is a strong alignment between the organizations mission and its resources to efficiently function the organization. This model is useful for organizations that require altering strategies and finding out the problem during the function of a plan. An organization plans to choose this model if its facing a large amount of issues. 4. Workforce planning model Effective workforce plan is an important tool to identify appropriate.Effective workforce plan is an essential tool to identify suitable staffing levels and validate budget allocations so that organizations can accomplish their objectives.Workforce planning is a efficient process for identifying the human capital necessary to meet the organization goals and developing the strategies to meet their requirements. This step involves linking between the workforces planning process with the organization strategic plan. The main purposes of workforce planning are a.To ensure that an organization has the required workers to support their mission and strategic plan. the objectives of its strategic plan Those responsible for workforce planning should identify the organizations mission and b. Analyze workforce, Identify skill gaps and conduct workforce analysis Analysis of workforce data is the main element in the workforce planning process. Workforce analysis usually considers information such as occupations, skills and experience, retirement eligibility, diversity, turnover rates, and trend data. c. Develop and implement action plans Implementation brings your workforce plan to life. You may need a separate action plan to address the implementation of each strategy in the workforce plan. The workforce plan should be implemented in connection with the requirements of the organizations strategic plan. If the strategic plan changes due to unanticipated customer, leadership, or legislative changes, adjustments to workforce plan strategies may be necessary. d. Monitor, Evaluate, and Revise The evaluation and adjustments are very important in workforce planning and are keys to continuous improvement. Although a workforce plan should cover five years, it should be reviewed annually. If an Organization does not regularly review its workforce planning efforts, it runs the risk of failing to respond to unexpected changes. Key enabling features in managing learning and development Everyone has a responsibility in managing learning and development to achieve outcomes efficiently and effectively. Learning and development are critical processes for enhancing productivity and organizational performance. Research shows high-performing organizations in Australia and overseas share certain features in relation to learning and development as follows: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ They align and integrate their learning and development initiatives with corporate and business planning by reviewing existing activities and initiating new learning programs to support corporate plans. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The corporate culture supports these initiatives and addresses cultural barriers to learning. They focus on the business application of training rather than the type of training, and they consider appropriate learning options de-emphasizing classroom training and allowing staff time to process what they have learned on the job consistent with adult learning principles. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ They evaluate learning and development formally, systematically and rigorously. Most organizations carry out evaluation at the reaction level,but few attempts to assess changes in behaviour of criteria of organizational effectiveness(Ralphs and Stephan,1986;Saari et al..,1988;Training in Britain,1989). (Performance = Ability ÃÆ'- Motivation ÃÆ'-Opportunity). People development will have a lot of impact on the organization performance. Competitive success through people involves fundamentally altering the way we think about the workforce and the employment association. Success can be achieved by working with people, not by replacing them or limiting the scope of their activities. Firms that take this different perspective are often able to sucessfully outsmart and outperform the rivals.

Global Warming Essay

Large tracts of forests worldwide are now being cleared. Some are already cleared for industrial or agricultural purposes. The remaining trees may not be enough to absorb the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The carbon dioxide is used by plants to manufacture food. It is also called a greenhouse gas. This kind of gas retains heat longer compared to other gases. Surface temperature rises as more trees and plants are cut or destroyed. The resulting high surface temperature due to the accumulation of the carbon dioxide is referred to as the greenhouse effect. Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere acts like the glass in a greenhouse. It traps heat from the environment. It causes air temperature to rise. The glass of the greenhouse prevents warm air from escaping (Williams 63-66). The air temperature inside the greenhouse rises as a result. This would lead to global warming. Moreover, global warming pertains to an increase of the temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere and oceans in these present days. During the 20th century, the atmospheric temperature of the earth increased 0. 6  ± 0. 2  °Celsius. The upsurge amounts of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases are the major causes of the component of warming. They are produced through the burning of agriculture, fossil fuels and land clearing and may precede to an upsurge in the greenhouse effect. There is an initial assumption that a greenhouse effect possibly takes place because of the Swedish chemist Svante Arrhenius during 1897(Jenner et. al 258). In addition, climate sensitivity denotes to the equilibrium response to upsurge greenhouse gases and different anthropogenic and â€Å"natural climate forcing† (Davidson 325). This will be revealed through observational and model researches. The said sensitivity is generally showed through the temperature response that is anticipated â€Å"from a doubling of CO2 in the atmosphere† (Davidson 325). There is a report in 2001 from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) that evaluates the climate sensitivity between the scales of 1. 5–4. 5  °C. The intents of this paper are to: (1) understand what global warming really is; (2) know about the historical warming of the earth; (3) figure out the causes of the global warming and; (4) find out the expected effects of global warming. II. Background A. What is global warming? Global warming is defined as â€Å"the increase of average world temperatures as a result of what is known as the greenhouse effect† (Bellamy et. al 145). This would mean that it is an intense upsurge of world temperature which is the outcome of so- called greenhouse effect. There are many factors why the world is experiencing global warming. And one of these factors is the human activities like cutting down of trees that are supposedly be the one absorbing the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. There are gases in the atmosphere that portray as glass in the greenhouse which permits sunlight to warm the surface of the earth but trap the heat when it â€Å"radiates back into space†( Bellamy et. al 157). When the greenhouse gases formed in the atmosphere, the earth starts to get warmth. Nowadays, most countries experienced global warming. It is one the outcomes of people’s irresponsibility because humankind tends to destroy the forest by cutting the old trees and never replaces them. The graph below shows the global temperatures from 1860 to 2000. Moreover, the earth’s surface is warmed by the Sun and radiates heat back into space. Gases such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, methane and CFCs in the atmosphere trap some of this heat, and warm the lower atmosphere. The atmosphere radiates heat back to Earth. This is called the â€Å"greenhouse effect†, and without it the Earth would be so cold that life could not exist. But many scientist fear that the huge amounts of these â€Å"greenhouse gases† released into the atmosphere by industrial processes and burning fossil fuels are warming the earth so much that they will eventually upset the world’s climate, and cause sea levels to rise. In addition, some scientists predict that the earth’s temperature could rise 3  °C by 2070. After this, the rise will level off and the temperature will stabilize (Bellamy et. al 163). If the Antarctic ice sheet melted, sea levels could rise; threatening low-lying areas such as the US coast. B. The earth’s energy balance. But for the greenhouse effect, life on Earth would not exist. The Sun emits radiation to the Earth. If we could imagine a flat surface at the top of the atmosphere, that radiation is about 340 watts per square meter (340 W/m-2). Just over 100 W/m-2 is reflected out again by atmospheric aerosols and clouds, and the Earth’s surface, leaving some 240 W/m-2 that heat up the surface of the Earth (Carwardine 76-77) . The system must be in balance—energy â€Å"in† must equal energy â€Å"out†Ã¢â‚¬â€so the Earth needs to re-radiate this amount back into the atmosphere. But the amount actually re-radiated depends on the Earth’s surface temperature: the hotter the surface is the more it will emit radiation. The outgoing radiation takes the form of â€Å"long wave† infrared thermal radiation. If the system balanced â€Å"naturally†, then the Earth’s surface would have a temperature of about –19 ° C (-66 ° F) since at this temperature 240 W/m-2 would be emitted (Carwardine 98). Obviously, something else must be happening because at such low average temperatures life would not exist. The Earth’s surface is very much warmer than this â€Å"natural† level (around 15 ° C/59 ° F) and hence far more radiation is emitted than the 240 W/m-2. What happens is that a lot of the Earth’s re-radiation bounces back to the Earth’s surface because it gets absorbed mainly by water vapor and carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. Water vapor, CO2, and a few other minor gases act like a â€Å"blanket†. The balance is secured as follows: Incoming solar radiation: + 340 W m-2 Reflected from clouds, the Earth’s surface, etc. : – 100 W m-2 Net incoming radiation absorbed by the Earth = + 240 W m-2 Outgoing radiation: – 420 W m-2 Greenhouse effect: + 180 W m-2 Net outgoing (thermal) radiation = – 240 W m-2 The way the system balances, then, is that the Earth’s surface warms up compared to what would happen if the Earth was not surrounded by a blanket of greenhouse gases. C. The anthropogenic greenhouse effects. The greenhouse effect refers to the way in which gases in the Earth’s atmosphere warm the Earth like the glass roof of a greenhouse—by letting sunlight in but keeping the reflected heat energy trapped inside (Johnston 550). These naturally occurring gases, notably carbon dioxide and water vapor, are called greenhouse gases. III. Discussion A. Historical warming of the earth During 1860-1900, global temperatures on seas and on lands had experienced great upsurge of temperature by 0. 75  °C as recorded in the instrument temperature record. Beginning in 1979, the land temperatures had doubled which was the same as the ocean temperatures. And in that year, the temperatures below the troposphere had upsurge between 0. 12 and 0. 22  °C every 10 years as recoded in the satellite temperature measurements. It was believed before that world temperature was stable two thousand years in the past 1850 with the assumption that temperature was stable maybe because of the regional wavering like the Little Ice Age or Medieval Warm Period (â€Å"Temperature record of the past 1000 years†. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia). The graph below illustrates the reconstructions of Northern Hemisphere temperatures for the last 1000 years as stated to several older articles. B. Causes of the global warming There many causes why global warming is happening at present. These causes are generally or mostly based on man’s conduct. The causes why there is global warming because of the release of carbon dioxide from power plants, emitted cars, trucks, airplanes, buildings, methane, nitrous oxide, deforestation, city gridlock and carbon in atmosphere and ocean . C. Effects of global warming The great effects of global warming to our environment and for humankind are plentiful and wide-ranging. The major effect of global warming is the upsurge global average temperature. It also leads to â€Å"rising sea levels, altered patterns of agriculture, increased extreme weather events, and the expansion of the range of tropical diseases† (Johnston 554). The anticipated climate changes are also one of the effects of global warming. Not only that, it also affects the weather condition. IV. Conclusion Global warming has great effects to our environment especially to humankind. Global warming has many factors why it is occurring. One of these reasons is deforestation. Deforestation makes our environment warmth because of the remaining small amount of trees that are unable to absorb the large amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and because of this; carbon dioxide traps the heat in the environment that causes the temperature to rise because it stops warm air to escape. References: 1. Bellamy, D. and Gifford, J. 1999. Wilderness Britain? a Greenprint for the Future. Sparkford: Oxford Illustrated. Popular work by leading biologist and environmental campaigner. 2. Carwardine, M. 2002. The WWF Environment Handbook. London: Macdonald Optima. Attractively illustrated handbook for the general reader. 3. Davidson, J. 2000. How Green is your City? Pioneering Approaches to Environmental Action. London: Bedford Square Press. Guide to community action for urban renewal.

The Debate Over Problem/solution Essay Topics

The Debate Over Problem/solution Essay Topics What Problem/solution Essay Topics Is - and What it Is Not A problem solution essay seems to be something which not only college students may get assigned. Imagine that you're in conversation with a person who hates books and reading. How to stop drunk driving and deaths because of it You have the chance to create a difference by means of your essay. If you're discussing crime it might be the police. The Key to Successful Problem/solution Essay Topics During the duration of your academic career, whether at school or university, you'll almost certainly have to write a minumum of one problem solution essay. Future results of the problem can be utilized as leverage for the call to action. Another important problem is the development of internet fraud and hacking. The primary problem faced by poorer countries as a result of brain-drain, in fields like medicine and education, is they will struggle to come up with and find it tricky to enhance their economy in addition to living conditions. In both situations, a great essay explores the pros and cons of proposed solutions. If you are able to do so, you can be sure your paper is going to be among the best. Obviously, every student can pick from a broad scope of topics. The main reason is there are basically only two significant things you have to write about in your problem and solution essay, making it so much simpler to research info and structure the paper. Problem is a question that needs solution. In front of a problem can be solved or reduced, you have to first demonstrate the issue actually exists. Then, write about how it is usually resolved within the book as well as your own ideas about how you would solve the problem. The more specific an issue, the more probable it is going to have very clear and specific solution. The remedy is the part that supplies a concrete way to solve the issue. State problem and explain why it needs to be figured out. The moment you're ready with the problem on your hands, you ought to think over the very best solution. In order to understand how to compose a problem-solution essay, one has to know what sort of essay it's first. To provide you with a notion of the way the essay ought to be written you ought to go through our problem solution essay example and find out how it's been written. Your essay is practically ready! Since you may see, the problem-solution essay is really simple when you know its basic elements. Writing a guide isn't easy, particularly if you are writing it for the very first time or writing on a new and challenging topic. Check on the format our writers have used and check on the way in which the essay is organized by a specialist writer. Writing a superb persuasive essay is not a simple job, however, it's achievable. Writing a superb problem-solution essay is an essential skill, not just for your career but for your civic-life also. Lay out a plan which you will adhere to while writing. Think of some helpful points, proposals, and argumentation, which may help determine the reader, help them understand the issue, and inspire them to try to repair it. Allow the plan direct you on how you should compose your essay. When prior brainstorming is finished, you might begin drafting your essay. Life After Problem/solution Essay Topics As with other essays, people frequently discover that it's really hard to choose a topic particularly when the instructor asks students to produce their own topics. Whenever you have so many topics to speak about, choose what you're passionate about and it's going to be super-easy that you develop a considerable argument for it. So, to start with, it's almost not possible to write something really interesting if you don't understand your topic. Moreover, you need to find a subject, which is quite controversial. It is crucial to pick the topic that's the most interesting to you. It is crucial to have a problem-solution topic that's important and interesting for you. You want to provide a comprehensive account of the subject and produce the reader understand why the issue should be solved. Now you've selected your subject, you can proceed to learning the issue and solution essay format and structure. No matter your case might be, make certain each of the body paragraphs analyzes a distinct facet of your topic.

Social Class and Sumerians - 1021 Words

The civilization known as the Sumerians, developed in the Mesopotamia era, are considered to be the first culture to become civilized. As the Sumerians settled in Mesopotamia, a class structure gradually took shape which allowed them to progress their society. The second characteristic which shows the civilization of the Sumerians was their ability to create progress in agricultural skills and techniques. The final characteristic representative in the first culture of Mesopotamia is their contribution to the development of science and writing. Based on the characteristics that the Sumerians demonstrated we can come to the conclusion that the Mesopotamia era was civilized. A culture must present distinct social classes within their†¦show more content†¦The wheel was also the beginning of wheeled transport, which is still important in our modern everyday life. The wheel was also able to be integrated into the ox-drawn plough to improve the efficiency by nearly three times the original plough . This led to advancements in agriculture and pushed the Sumerians further towards becoming civilized. The Sumerians were the first develop a system of writing called cuneiform. The writing system was developed due to the needs of religion, commerce and government . With the cuneiform system, the Sumerians were able to record stories of their religion to be passed done to future generations. This was important to the civilization as it ensured the values of their religion could be carried on. The new writing system was also important to the civilization as it allowed people to keep track of what they were trading and made the process of trading more accurate. The government relied on the new cuneiform system as it gave them a new way to record laws and policies. With the laws and policies displayed the society good maintain order more easily, as everyone was aware what was acceptable and unacceptable. The development of the wheel and the creation of a writing system show how the Sumerians were able to create significant advancements in the science fields. These advancements show how the Sumerians created a civilized society and a result the Mesopotamia era can be considered civilized. With these threeShow MoreRelatedThe Concept Of Social Stratification893 Words   |  4 PagesThe concept of social stratification is quite complex. It involves categorizing a person into socioeconomic levels based upon one’s profession, wealth, social status, and perceived power. Such a stratification makes up a social hierarchy, which involves placing groups of people in a higher standing than another group, with fewer people being included into the ‘higher’ classes. These concepts were not always apparent, only developing as result of human influence. 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The first creators of a Mesopotamian civilization where the Sumerians. By 3000 B.C.E, they had created a large amountRead MoreSocial Studies Megan Baldwin s The Epic Of Gilgamesh 788 Words   |  4 PagesSocial Studies Megan Baldwin B3 11-16-15 Mesopotamia By Megan Baldwin M is for Medicine M is for Medicine. Medicine is how they would cure the ill. The Sumerians used ingredients from plants, animals, and minerals. They also used a wide variety of ingredients, including milk, salt, turtle shell, fig and salt. The physicians or scholars would prescribe the medicines you need by looking atRead MoreThe Historical And Cultural Value Of The Ancient Mesopotamia1442 Words   |  6 Pagesthe nature transform into the process of the material and spiritual civilization. The oldest and earliest mythical narrative poems of ancient Mesopotamia â€Å"Gilgamesh: A Verse Narrative† written by Babylonians, is undoubtedly the crystallization of Sumerian culture. From the content of the story, one can see ancient Sumerian’s early civilization, society, and religion culture. Comparing this poem to modern plays such as â€Å"Macbeth† by William Shakespeare, this ancient narrative epic still has an importantRead More Blogs - Blogging for Change Essay1511 Words   |   7 Pagesfirst came about in Sumerian civilization as a means to count various goods, and the progression of the writing in Sumer developed from roughly 8000 to 3000 B.C. (Schmandt-Beeserat 119). Despite, the extremely long time Sumerian writing progressed the achievements seem minimal, but the first stages always take the longest to develop. The changes that blogs will have on writing will take a long time, but nowhere near 5000 years it took the Sumerians to advance writing. The Sumerians advanced the technologyRead MoreThe Rise Of The Paleolithic And Neolithic Societies1523 Words   |  7 Pagestime) technological advancements and more effective social structures. But a lot of those â€Å"advancements† were the logic to breed outside their families and to save their foods during the winter, which is fairly obvious considering all societies at the time figured them out. But the societies that truly stood out for being different and unique in their own developments were t he most influential, like Sumer, the first Mesopotamian society. The Sumerians of Mesopotamia were the most influential to the modern

Social Class and Sumerians - 1021 Words

The civilization known as the Sumerians, developed in the Mesopotamia era, are considered to be the first culture to become civilized. As the Sumerians settled in Mesopotamia, a class structure gradually took shape which allowed them to progress their society. The second characteristic which shows the civilization of the Sumerians was their ability to create progress in agricultural skills and techniques. The final characteristic representative in the first culture of Mesopotamia is their contribution to the development of science and writing. Based on the characteristics that the Sumerians demonstrated we can come to the conclusion that the Mesopotamia era was civilized. A culture must present distinct social classes within their†¦show more content†¦The wheel was also the beginning of wheeled transport, which is still important in our modern everyday life. The wheel was also able to be integrated into the ox-drawn plough to improve the efficiency by nearly three times the original plough . This led to advancements in agriculture and pushed the Sumerians further towards becoming civilized. The Sumerians were the first develop a system of writing called cuneiform. The writing system was developed due to the needs of religion, commerce and government . With the cuneiform system, the Sumerians were able to record stories of their religion to be passed done to future generations. This was important to the civilization as it ensured the values of their religion could be carried on. The new writing system was also important to the civilization as it allowed people to keep track of what they were trading and made the process of trading more accurate. The government relied on the new cuneiform system as it gave them a new way to record laws and policies. With the laws and policies displayed the society good maintain order more easily, as everyone was aware what was acceptable and unacceptable. The development of the wheel and the creation of a writing system show how the Sumerians were able to create significant advancements in the science fields. These advancements show how the Sumerians created a civilized society and a result the Mesopotamia era can be considered civilized. With these threeShow MoreRelatedThe Concept Of Social Stratification893 Words   |  4 PagesThe concept of social stratification is quite complex. It involves categorizing a person into socioeconomic levels based upon one’s profession, wealth, social status, and perceived power. Such a stratification makes up a social hierarchy, which involves placing groups of people in a higher standing than another group, with fewer people being included into the ‘higher’ classes. These concepts were not always apparent, only developing as result of human influence. 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In â€Å"The Epic Of Gilgamesh† written by N.K. Sandars, Sumerian culture is represented through the usage of archetypes. From all of the archetypes, that helped me get a better understanding of Sumerian culture and society I chose three to thoroughly explain throughout this paper. The archetypal mother figure, important event, and mediator made me realize that ancient Sumerian women not only cared for their own children but all children of ancient Sumer, people wereRead MoreNew Political And Military Structures1036 Words   |  5 Pagesnew political and military structures, a new social structure based on economic powe r, the development of more complexity in a material sense, a distinct religious structure, the development of writing, and new significant artistic and intellectual activity (Pg.8). Urban focus was when cities became the centers for political, economic, social, cultural, and religious development (Pg.8). The first creators of a Mesopotamian civilization where the Sumerians. By 3000 B.C.E, they had created a large amountRead MoreSocial Studies Megan Baldwin s The Epic Of Gilgamesh 788 Words   |  4 PagesSocial Studies Megan Baldwin B3 11-16-15 Mesopotamia By Megan Baldwin M is for Medicine M is for Medicine. Medicine is how they would cure the ill. The Sumerians used ingredients from plants, animals, and minerals. They also used a wide variety of ingredients, including milk, salt, turtle shell, fig and salt. The physicians or scholars would prescribe the medicines you need by looking atRead MoreThe Historical And Cultural Value Of The Ancient Mesopotamia1442 Words   |  6 Pagesthe nature transform into the process of the material and spiritual civilization. The oldest and earliest mythical narrative poems of ancient Mesopotamia â€Å"Gilgamesh: A Verse Narrative† written by Babylonians, is undoubtedly the crystallization of Sumerian culture. From the content of the story, one can see ancient Sumerian’s early civilization, society, and religion culture. Comparing this poem to modern plays such as â€Å"Macbeth† by William Shakespeare, this ancient narrative epic still has an importantRead More Blogs - Blogging for Change Essay1511 Words   |   7 Pagesfirst came about in Sumerian civilization as a means to count various goods, and the progression of the writing in Sumer developed from roughly 8000 to 3000 B.C. (Schmandt-Beeserat 119). Despite, the extremely long time Sumerian writing progressed the achievements seem minimal, but the first stages always take the longest to develop. The changes that blogs will have on writing will take a long time, but nowhere near 5000 years it took the Sumerians to advance writing. The Sumerians advanced the technologyRead MoreThe Rise Of The Paleolithic And Neolithic Societies1523 Words   |  7 Pagestime) technological advancements and more effective social structures. But a lot of those â€Å"advancements† were the logic to breed outside their families and to save their foods during the winter, which is fairly obvious considering all societies at the time figured them out. But the societies that truly stood out for being different and unique in their own developments were t he most influential, like Sumer, the first Mesopotamian society. The Sumerians of Mesopotamia were the most influential to the modern