View of Euthanasia of a Follower of Natural Law Essay...

View of Euthanasia of a Follower of Natural Law Euthanasia is the international killing by act or omission of a dependent human being for his or her alleged benefit. There are different types of euthanasia; voluntary, when the person who is killed has requested to be killed. Involuntary euthanasia is when the person who is killed made no request or gave no consent, Assisted suicide is when someone provides an individual with the information, guidance, and means to take his or her own life with the intention that they will be used for this purpose. When it is a doctor who helps another person to kill themselves it is called physician assisted suicide. Euthanasia By Action is intentionally†¦show more content†¦So we could say euthanasia goes against ‘natural law’ because of our five primary precepts. ‘To live’ is one of our purposes in life on this earth euthanasia breaks this rules, as it is assisting suicide. He derives secondary precepts from the primary precept ‘to live’; no contra ception, no homosexuality, no abortion, no euthanasia, no murder, no suicide. Humanity has an essentially rational nature, and reason can discover the right action in every situation by following an appropriate, exceptionless principle. But sometimes we encounter moral conflicts, dilemmas in which we cannot do good without bringing about evil consequences. Aquinas believed you could never do a bad act for a good intention; the act overrides the intention. The DDE, doctrine of double effect was devised, it says that it is always wrong to do a bad act intentionally in order to bring about good consequences, but that it is sometimes permissible to do a good act despite knowing that it will bring about bad consequences. The doctrine consists of four conditions that must be satisfied before an act is morally permissible. The nature-of-the-act condition, the action must be either morally good or indifferent. Lying or intentionally killing an innocent person is neverShow MoreRelatedThe Doctrine Of The Divine Command Theory Essay1434 Words   |  6 PagesPhilosophical Views The Divine Command Theory is a theory that morals are solely connected to religious belief, specifically God, and without religion and God, human beings have no morals. â€Å"The three largest religions in the world – Christianity, Islam, and Judaism – provide to their believer’s commandments or principles of conduct that are thought to constitute moral law, the essence of morality. For millions of adherents, the moral law is the will of God, and the will of God is the moral law.† (DoingRead More Doctor-Assisted Suicide Should be Legalized Essay3204 Words   |  13 Pagesimportant: euthanasia is not forbidden by law in their case; animals have the right to a merciful death.† ― Milan Kundera, The Unbearable Lightness of Being One of the most controversial topics that is being debated today, both morally and legally, is assisted suicide, sometimes known as active euthanasia. Assisted suicide is the act of directly intervening in order to end the life of a terminally ill patient (i.e. administering a large amount of sleeping pills). The word euthanasia, comesRead MoreReligion and Bioethics: Physician Assisted Suicide, a Religious Perspective2205 Words   |  9 PagesPhysician-Assisted Suicide/Euthanasia. Specifically, it made an obvious point of defining the distinction between killing and letting one die. In addition, it focused on the link between Faith and Reason, the development of tradition throughout history, modern statements on this ethical dilemma, and then drew conclusions based upon these analyses. These are all significant points to consider when attempting to determine the morality of physician-assisted suicide/euthanasia. In order to fully understandRead MoreEuthanasia Prologue To The Holocaust4567 Words   |  19 PagesEuthanasia Euthanasia: Prologue to the Holocaust Sophie Payne Introduction to Historical Research Methods April 20, 2017 Sophie Payne Euthanasia: Prologue to the Holocaust Euthanasia, the practice of intentionally ending a life to relieve pain and suffering, dates to the first and second centuries. Euthanasia comes from the Greek word Eu (good) and Thanatosis (death). While euthanasia typically refers to the assistance of a painless death for a chronically orRead MoreA Text With Readings By Manuel Velasquez1155 Words   |  5 Pagesthink and function. Social sciences have been established to study our behaviors on many levels. â€Å"Societies differ in their moral standards† and because of that what is acceptable in one culture could be the completely different from another culture’s views of what is right. Thus it is impossible to define a set of moral standards for all. This concept is referred to as ethical relativism. The most important message behind this theory is having respect and tolerance toward other beliefs while still beingRead MoreThe Evolution Of The Human Race1681 Words   |  7 Pagesperspectives, and in this case it be ing science and religion and both contributing to the theory of evolution. Jerry A. Coyne is an evolutionary biologist that has made claims that science and religion will never be able to have compatibility, but views not that â€Å"religion and science have always been implacable enemies, with the former always hindering the latter. Instead, he sees them as making overlapping claims , each arguing that it can identify truths about the universe,†(Coyne, 5). He demonstratesRead MoreEuthanasia - Assisted Suicide Or Assisted Dying2174 Words   |  9 Pagesterms euthanasia, assisted suicide or assisted dying denotes the intentional killing of a person suffering from an incurable disorder and originates from Greek words Eu (good) and Thanatos death. Dowbiggin, (2003) states that pre-Christian societies tolerated suicide, abortions and ‘active’ euthanasia, the death of a person from fatal medications given by a second person. However, not all society was so tolerant of such practices, according to Mcphearson (2015), Hippocrates and his followers tookRead MoreDifferences Between Christianity And Hinduism2030 Words   |  9 Pagesworldview questions in both religions as well as the four principle of principalism, and ethical advice on case study. Ethical Analysis of Case Study and Christian and Hinduism Worldview There are many different cultures in this world and each culture view their beliefs in their own way. It is the connection to the God through spirituality that gives meaning to the life and provides strength through the belief system. As I know, every culture has their own value and belief in God, so it is importantRead MoreEssay on Ageism: A Constant Disregard in Society1714 Words   |  7 Pagesgreat influence over how people view one another through the creation of a public opinion. The media negatively depicts the elderly, implying that they are childish, senile, and essentially, useless. (Asiedu) Consequently, this adverse portrayal of senior citizens led to a more extensive issue – mandatory retirement. Recently, the law requiring mandatory retirement at the age of 65 has been discarded for the most part; it was previously quite a controversial issue. The law generalized all citizens aboveRead More The Terri Schindler-Schiavo Case Essay5755 Words   |  24 Pagesprolo nged period of dying? There are moral philosophers, such as Joseph Fletcher, who argue that not using every available means to sustain life is fatalistic and morally bankrupt. He postulates that medical and technological advances are the natural progression of a society created by God to achieve good, and to sustain life. Fletcher, who supports stewardship as well as dominion over nature, argues, â€Å"†¦humans have the right to use their intelligence in controlling physical nature rather than

Short Story - 2260 Words

Once inside there were all sorts of military people roaming around the place. One of them brought two cups of tea to them as they sat down at a table. Lincoln instinctively took a sip. How did they know he liked his tea black and hot and that he detested coffee? Michelle must have told them. â€Å"Well Sugar, what happened?† Michelle did not muck around when it came to getting information. â€Å"Before I say anything, could you do me a favour?† Lincoln was ever cautious. â€Å"Sure. What is it?† â€Å"You see that jug over there. I want you to break it over my head.† Lincoln explained. He could see the horrid look on Michelle’s face. â€Å"I know this sounds absurd but trust me, I’m begging you. Please do it and I’ll explain everything afterwards.† Slowly Michelle†¦show more content†¦In particular about his brain injury, his falling in and out of reality and how the warehouse was a centre for humanitarian aid not weapons. For an hour, Michelle sat dumbfounded. She listened intently, even getting one of the other people to turn on a recording device so they got it all down. When Lincoln finally finished, Michelle had a more relaxed look on her face. She now had some explanation as to why she had to clobber him with the jug. Lincoln finished in an almost apologetic tone. â€Å"Look Turtle. I don’t even know if I am currently in reality or having yet another illusion? If I’m in an illusion, it’s the best one yet. I get to see you again as I remember you. You weren’t too cooperative back at the warehouse. I know you kept me safe there. That’s why I returned there those times. Were you working undercover?† Michelle looked totally surprised. â€Å"Ah, Sugar, I’ve never set foot in that warehouse. Whoever you were trying to crack onto, it wasn’t me! I’ve been in Afghanistan for the last five years on assignment. I was called in after the first rescue attempt failed.† Lincoln remembered the first raid on the warehouse. He had originally concluded that had to be real. Or at least parts of it. But one thing he did put down to illusion was the part where he thought the raiders were actually military. So that must mean that part was real! Which means a lot of what he thought was real may have really been a fantasy. His world was starting to turnShow MoreRelatedshort story1018 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Short Stories:  Ã‚  Characteristics †¢Short  - Can usually be read in one sitting. †¢Concise:  Ã‚  Information offered in the story is relevant to the tale being told.  Ã‚  This is unlike a novel, where the story can diverge from the main plot †¢Usually tries to leave behind a  single impression  or effect.  Ã‚  Usually, though not always built around one character, place, idea, or act. †¢Because they are concise, writers depend on the reader bringing  personal experiences  and  prior knowledge  to the story. Four MajorRead MoreThe Short Stories Ideas For Writing A Short Story Essay1097 Words   |  5 Pageswriting a short story. Many a time, writers run out of these short story ideas upon exhausting their sources of short story ideas. If you are one of these writers, who have run out of short story ideas, and the deadline you have for coming up with a short story is running out, the short story writing prompts below will surely help you. Additionally, if you are being tormented by the blank Microsoft Word document staring at you because you are not able to come up with the best short story idea, youRead MoreShort Story1804 Words   |  8 PagesShort story: Definition and History. A  short story  like any other term does not have only one definition, it has many definitions, but all of them are similar in a general idea. According to The World Book Encyclopedia (1994, Vol. 12, L-354), â€Å"the short story is a short work of fiction that usually centers around a single incident. Because of its shorter length, the characters and situations are fewer and less complicated than those of a novel.† In the Cambridge Advanced Learner’s DictionaryRead MoreShort Stories648 Words   |  3 Pageswhat the title to the short story is. The short story theme I am going conduct on is â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty’ by James Thurber (1973). In this short story the literary elements being used is plot and symbols and the theme being full of distractions and disruption. The narrator is giving a third person point of view in sharing the thoughts of the characters. Walter Mitty the daydreamer is very humorous in the different plots of his dr ifting off. In the start of the story the plot, symbols,Read MoreShort Stories1125 Words   |  5 PagesThe themes of short stories are often relevant to real life? To what extent do you agree with this view? In the short stories â€Å"Miss Brill† and â€Å"Frau Brechenmacher attends a wedding† written by Katherine Mansfield, the themes which are relevant to real life in Miss Brill are isolation and appearance versus reality. Likewise Frau Brechenmacher suffers through isolation throughout the story and also male dominance is one of the major themes that are highlighted in the story. These themes areRead MoreShort Story and People1473 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Title: Story Of An Hour Author: Kate Chopin I. On The Elements / Literary Concepts The short story Story Of An Hour is all about the series of emotions that the protagonist, Mrs. Mallard showed to the readers. With the kind of plot of this short story, it actually refers to the moments that Mrs. Mallard knew that all this time, her husband was alive. For the symbol, I like the title of this short story because it actually symbolizes the time where Mrs. Mallard died with joy. And with thatRead MoreShort Story Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesA short story concentrates on creating a single dynamic effect and is limited in character and situation. It is a language of maximum yet economical effect. Every word must do a job, sometimes several jobs. Short stories are filled with numerous language and sound devices. These language and sound devices create a stronger image of the scenario or the characters within the text, which contribute to the overall pre-designed effect.As it is shown in the metaphor lipstick bleeding gently in CinnamonRead MoreRacism in the Short Stor ies1837 Words   |  7 PagesOften we read stories that tell stories of mixing the grouping may not always be what is legal or what people consider moral at the time. The things that you can learn from someone who is not like you is amazing if people took the time to consider this before judging someone the world as we know it would be a completely different place. The notion to overlook someone because they are not the same race, gender, creed, religion seems to be the way of the world for a long time. Racism is so prevalentRead MoreThe Idol Short Story1728 Words   |  7 PagesThe short stories â€Å"The Idol† by Adolfo Bioy Casares and â€Å"Axolotl† by Julio Cortà ¡zar address the notion of obsession, and the resulting harm that can come from it. Like all addictions, obsession makes one feel overwhelmed, as a single thought comes to continuously intruding our mind, causing the individual to not be able to ignore these thoughts. In â€Å"Axolotl†, the narr ator is drawn upon the axolotls at the Jardin des Plantes aquarium and his fascination towards the axolotls becomes an obsession. InRead MoreGothic Short Story1447 Words   |  6 Pages The End. In the short story, â€Å"Emma Barrett,† the reader follows a search party group searching for a missing girl named Emma deep in a forest in Oregon. The story follows through first person narration by a group member named Holden. This story would be considered a gothic short story because of its use of setting, theme, symbolism, and literary devices used to portray the horror of a missing six-year-old girl. Plot is the literal chronological development of the story, the sequence of events

Corporate Social Responsibility Of A Corporation - 1967 Words

Corporate Social Responsibility A corporation ready to take responsibility for any impact of its decisions or actions of its stakeholders is one definition of corporate social responsibility. Incorporations corporate executives/ managers act in the interest of the people affected and involved within organizations known as stockholders. Many have argued thoughts on the topic of social responsibility, determining different groups to be served or to serve the corporation they exist, in this paper three articles will be examined. Milton Friedman will examine the stockholder model while R.Edward Freeman will concentrate on the stakeholder model and Joseph Heath on the market failures model. I will argue Joseph Heath’s market failures model†¦show more content†¦65). This reference states that the main goal of the stakeholder increase in profits and the agents are the ones that need to make this happen. Even if the agent does not hold earning profit as a main goal in being socially responsible, they mus t do it anyways. Agents may have a different view of what they think is socially responsible however they may not put their own social responsibilities towards any actions towards the firm. This is because as Friedman states, â€Å"If these are â€Å"social responsibilities,† they are the social responsibilities of individuals, not of business† (pg. 66). This means acting with individuals own responsibilities in mind towards the firm, the agent is no longer an agent as they are not acting in the best interest of the firm and when this occurs they serve themselves turning into a principal. By doing this the agents are taking away the property rights of the principals. The agent is then being selfish as they are not acting in favour of the employers, principal’s, best interest. Friedman also states, â€Å"The executive is exercising a distinct â€Å"social responsibility,† rather than serving as an agent of the stockholders, only if he spends the money in a different way than they would have spent it† (pg. 66). Everything an executive is to do is to be done how the stockholders would like it completed. However I do not agree with these arguments stated

Bullying Is The Leading Social Issue Among Young Teens

Happiness is the main goal that many of us strive for. The satisfaction of having happiness in our lives is what fills us with excitement and joy. But how can individuals be happy when there are people engaging in the act of bullying? Bullying is the leading social issue among young teens today who are trying to find their place in the world. Simply trying to fit in with the rest, with the newest clothes or newest trends.Bullying is defined as the use of force, threat or abuse, to enforce dominance over others. This behavior is often repeated and constant by the bully themselves. The reasoning why bullying takes place is basically because of differences in class, race, sexuality, appearance, behavior and typically because they feel†¦show more content†¦Although, there are solutions to ending this horrible repeating act of bullying and harassment. One way of stopping bullying is through anti-bullying campaign and group discussion seminar regarding the effects of bullying. By building this campaign, it can help the victims feel like they are not alone and have someone who will listen to them. Having someone who they can vent to in the time of need, can help relieve the pain they are drowning in. With these seminars, we can teach others about the effects that bullying brings on their victims.This campaign can help them relieve the pain and become stronger as an individual to overcome this horrible obstacle in their life.Statistics have shown that bullies themselves don’t see the outcomes of the harm they are doing. According to Rachel C. Vreeman, assistant Professor of Pediatrics at the Indiana University School of Medicine, â€Å"evaluations of the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program, a comprehensive â€Å"whole-school† intervention on which many subsequent programs have been based, report reductions of 30% to 70% in the student reports of being bullied and bullying others.† (20) Which demonstrates by having these campaigns it can hel p dramatically to be spread throughout, to help every child and not simply ignore the problem. In order to make the campaign successful, having a student body to help support the victims is much needed.Show MoreRelatedTeenage Suicide On The Rise Essay1521 Words   |  7 Pagessolution than to end their life. It is estimated that, 42% of LGBT of youth have experienced bullying, and they are two to three times more likely to attempt suicide than other teens (BullyingStatistics.org, 2016). It’s very hard in this day and age to be young, and let alone to be young and identify as lesbian, gay, bi or transgender. In Los Angeles County, researchers estimate that 70.6% of teens have seen bullying occur in their schools, and 30% admit to doing it themselves (Juvonen, 2012). WhereasRead MoreBullying Is Becoming An Increasing Problem Among Teens943 Words   |  4 Pages Bullying is becoming an increasing problem among teens, parents, and society overall. Bullying has always been around and it is an issue many individuals fight to end every day. It has become one of the leading causes of depression among teens and, it is also a leading cause of suicide between young adults. Adults are to be accused for bullying and cyberbullying among children and teenagers. Parents or guardians should get involved in the subject in order to educate their children. WhetherRead MoreTeen Suicide Is The Third Leading Cause Death For High School Students1396 Words   |  6 PagesOver the years teen suicide has increased tremendously. According to Michael Jellinek, â€Å"the adolescent may feel they have no choice but to end their intense internal suffering or to solve a hopeless dilemma by ending it all†(Preventing Teen Suicide). According to the Center of Disease Prevention, â€Å"suicide is the third-leading cause of death for high school students after ca r accidents and homicides†(Bratsis). Everyday teens are faced with internal struggles and challenges that are difficult to copeRead MoreElectronic Communication : Communication, And Where The People Have Some Level Of Actual Human Exchange997 Words   |  4 PagesOne of the greatest issues surrounding electronic communication (i.e. texting and chatting), is the absence of tone, reflective listening, and voice (Wiederhold 2015). What is left are simply the visual words that can easily be taken out of context. Although colorful ways have been created in an attempt to ensure what a person is trying to say, in many instances, words and meanings are taken out of context (15). One example would be using capitalized letters. In the world of social media, capital lettersRead MoreConsidering The Causes Behind Increased Teenage Suicide.1536 Words   |  7 Pages Considering the Causes Behind Increased Teenage Suicide Yesterday, 16-year-old Rachel decided to commit suicide-- an all too common increased trend in America as suicide is the third leading cause of death for 15- to 24-year-olds (â€Å"Teen Suicide Is Preventable†). Rachel felt like she could not handle her life anymore. Her parents were in the process of getting a divorce, she was being bullied at school, was having trouble succeeding in academics and co-curricular activities, and was recently beenRead MoreJosee Young . Eng Iv B 1St Hr. May 19, 2017. Suicide1564 Words   |  7 PagesJosee Young Eng IV B 1st hr May 19, 2017 Suicide One of the questions sociologists have attempted to answer is. â€Å" What drives people to commit suicide? Most teens who have been interviewed after a suicide attempt say that what causes teen suicide are feelings of hopelessness and helplessness. Suicide is when a person end his or her own life. Studies show that at least 90% of teens who kill themselves have some type of mental health problem, suchRead MoreThe Internet and Cyber-bullying Essay643 Words   |  3 PagesBullying is a major act that is increasing among our teens today, and it is something that we need to act about, as it not only damages the self-esteem of young teen, but in severe cases it may lead to suicide or severe depression, leading to drug use. Bullying is not only limited to the real world, but also the online, virtual world, in a form known as ‘Cyber Bullying’.Cyber bullying is when a child or teen is threatened, harassed, humiliated orembarrassed by another person using the InternetRead Mo reMedia s Effect On Teens986 Words   |  4 Pagesterms of revenue, The media have been successful in corrupting people’s mind, with young teens being the largest group of victims. In the current situation, our economic, social and political decisions are widely being influenced by the invisible hands of money hungry media. According to the Centers for disease control and prevention (CDC), the suicide rate is currently the third largest leading causes of death among teenagers, and the numbers are growing day by day. Media’s contribution to this upwardRead MoreA Virtual Generation: Social Media ´s Negative Impact on Our Generation820 Words   |  4 Pagesgrasp of social media as it has been incorporated into our everyday lives. We almost instinctively pull out our cell phones in the middle of a dull conversation and glance at our Instagram feed without a second thought. Many of us are guilty of spending unreasonably large amounts of time without even acknowledging i t is a problem. What if these small actions are leading to a misconception of what society should be. In the end, are the risks severe enough for the problems to stop? What if social mediaRead MoreCyber Bullying : Experienced Cyber Threats Online And On Social Media1439 Words   |  6 PagesDevereux 9/15/14 Cyber Bullying More than one in three young teens has experienced cyber threats online and on social media. Specifically 83% of teenagers use a cell phone regularly, making it the most popular form of technology and an easier way to access the internet. Being tormented, threatened, harassed, humiliated, embarrassed and otherwise targeted by another teen is known as cyber bullying. With statistics this alarmingly high, bullying has become the largest issue facing general youth society

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations Free Essays

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations was established on August 8, 1967 in Bangkok, Thailand, with the signing of the ASEAN Declaration by the Founding Fathers of ASEAN Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. Brunei Darussalam joined on January 8,1984, Viet Nam joined on July 28, 1995, Lao PDR and Myanmar joined on July 23, 1997, and Cambodia on April 30, 1999, making up what is today the ten Member States of ASEAN. The signing of the ASEAN Declaration established by the Founding Fathers of ASEAN Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand represented an important milestone for economic development and affirmed the commitment to the aims and purposes of ASEAN as set forth in the ASEAN Declaration. We will write a custom essay sample on The Association of Southeast Asian Nations or any similar topic only for you Order Now To accelerate the economic growth, social progress and cultural development in the region through joint endeavor’s in equality and partnership in order to strengthen the foundation for a prosperous and peaceful community of South-East Asian Nations. To promote regional peace and stability through abiding respect for justice and the rule of law in the relationship among countries of the region and adherence to the principles of the United Nations Charter. To promote active collaboration and mutual assistance on matters of common interest in the economic, social, cultural, technical, scientific and administrative fields. To provide assistance to each other in the form of training and research facilities in the educational, professional, technical and administrative spheres. To collaborate more effectively for the greater utilization of their agriculture and industries, the expansion of their trade, including the study of the problems of international commodity trade, the improvement of their transportation and communications facilities and the raising of the living standards of their peoples. To promote South-East Asian studies, to maintain close and beneficial cooperation with existing international and regional organizations with similar aims and purposes, and explore all avenues for even closer cooperation among themselves. This later evolved into the ASEAN Charter signed on December 15, 2008, which served as a firm foundation in achieving economic growth, social development, and regional integration, by legally binding the ASEAN community to its rules and values. The ASEAN Free Trade Area was established in January 1992 to eliminate tariff barriers among the Southeast Asian countries with a view to integrating the ASEAN economies into a single production base and creating a regional market of 500 million people. The Agreement on the Common Effective Preferential Tariff (CEPT) Scheme for the ASEAN Free Trade Area requires that tariff rates levied on a wide range of products traded within the region be reduced to no more than five percent. Although originally scheduled to be recognized by 2010, the target of a free trade area in ASEAN was continuously moved forward. As early as 2000, most of the tariff lines on goods traded within ASEAN-6 (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Brunei), representing almost 90 percent of intra-ASEAN trade, were already in the 0-5 percent range. The elimination of tariffs and non-tariff barriers among the ASEAN members has served as a catalyst for greater efficiency in production and long-term competitiveness. The reduction of barriers to intra-regional trade gives ASEAN consumers a wider choice of better quality consumer products. Only 247 tariff lines within the region remained outside the remit of CEPT. The Council also announced that uptake of CEPT in the newer ASEAN member countries Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos and Myanmar (CLMV) was keeping pace with the original members. The CLMV countries are greatly underdeveloped and struggle economically compared to the ASEAN-6, CLMV total GDP is only about $97 billion only 7. 5% of the $1. 3 trillion total ASEAN-6 gross domestic product. Cambodia one of the newest members of ASEAN has a trade value of $7. 58 billion as compared to Malaysia’s trade value of $323. 5 billion. ASEAN has created the Initiative for ASEAN Integration (IAI) program, which gives direction to and sharpens the focus of collective efforts in ASEAN to narrow the development gap between ASEAN’s older and newer members. Vietnam has expressed its concerns with there new membership to ASEAN and ASEAN’s Initiative for ASEAN Integration as they face several possible economic disadvantages. Vietnam and the other ASEAN economies are essentially competitive not complementary, Vietnam’s developing industry faces potentially stiff challenges from its ASEAN counterparts. Vietnam was told they would need to end its quota system, eliminate other non-tariff barriers, and enhance the transparency of its trade regime. These steps may aggravate Vietnam’s trade imbalance with ASEAN and increase an already growing trade deficit. More than half of Vietnam’s trade deficit of $3. 5 billion is with other ASEAN countries. There is also the possibility that Vietnam’s tax base could be undermined by the in-flow of goods from ASEAN states as part of the AFTA (ASEAN Free Trade Area). At present Vietnam earns a portion of its domestic revenue from tariffs on imported goods. When these tariffs are lowered or eliminated the flow of revenue from this source to the central government will decline. Despite the difficulties of integration and the concerns of new ASEAN members the ASEAN Charter and the AFTA have seen economic growth by lowering barriers to trade among its member-countries, ASEAN is creating an integrated regional market. This makes economies more efficient through a better division of labor, through the benefits of economies-of-scale. It stimulates healthy competition, lowering costs. It enlarges the domestic market. The region thus becomes more attractive to investors, creating more jobs. The CMLV economies have on average grown faster than the ASEAN-6 countries during the past decade by 5. % compared to -8. 8% in 1998 and 8. 5% compared to 6. 4% in 2007. Over the years, ASEAN’s overall trade grew from $ 10 billion in 1967, $ 14 billion in 1970, $ 134 billion in 1980, $ 302 billion in 1990 to $ 650 billion in 1995. With its combined trade value, ASEAN is the fourth largest trading entity in the world after the European Union, the United States and Japan. For about 25 years from 1970 to 1995, ASEAN’s GDP grew at an average annual rate of 7. 0 percent. Today, Southeast Asia has a total market of about 500 million people and a combined GDP of more than US$ 700 billion. How to cite The Association of Southeast Asian Nations, Papers

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations Free Essays

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations was established on August 8, 1967 in Bangkok, Thailand, with the signing of the ASEAN Declaration by the Founding Fathers of ASEAN Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. Brunei Darussalam joined on January 8,1984, Viet Nam joined on July 28, 1995, Lao PDR and Myanmar joined on July 23, 1997, and Cambodia on April 30, 1999, making up what is today the ten Member States of ASEAN. The signing of the ASEAN Declaration established by the Founding Fathers of ASEAN Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand represented an important milestone for economic development and affirmed the commitment to the aims and purposes of ASEAN as set forth in the ASEAN Declaration. We will write a custom essay sample on The Association of Southeast Asian Nations or any similar topic only for you Order Now To accelerate the economic growth, social progress and cultural development in the region through joint endeavor’s in equality and partnership in order to strengthen the foundation for a prosperous and peaceful community of South-East Asian Nations. To promote regional peace and stability through abiding respect for justice and the rule of law in the relationship among countries of the region and adherence to the principles of the United Nations Charter. To promote active collaboration and mutual assistance on matters of common interest in the economic, social, cultural, technical, scientific and administrative fields. To provide assistance to each other in the form of training and research facilities in the educational, professional, technical and administrative spheres. To collaborate more effectively for the greater utilization of their agriculture and industries, the expansion of their trade, including the study of the problems of international commodity trade, the improvement of their transportation and communications facilities and the raising of the living standards of their peoples. To promote South-East Asian studies, to maintain close and beneficial cooperation with existing international and regional organizations with similar aims and purposes, and explore all avenues for even closer cooperation among themselves. This later evolved into the ASEAN Charter signed on December 15, 2008, which served as a firm foundation in achieving economic growth, social development, and regional integration, by legally binding the ASEAN community to its rules and values. The ASEAN Free Trade Area was established in January 1992 to eliminate tariff barriers among the Southeast Asian countries with a view to integrating the ASEAN economies into a single production base and creating a regional market of 500 million people. The Agreement on the Common Effective Preferential Tariff (CEPT) Scheme for the ASEAN Free Trade Area requires that tariff rates levied on a wide range of products traded within the region be reduced to no more than five percent. Although originally scheduled to be recognized by 2010, the target of a free trade area in ASEAN was continuously moved forward. As early as 2000, most of the tariff lines on goods traded within ASEAN-6 (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Brunei), representing almost 90 percent of intra-ASEAN trade, were already in the 0-5 percent range. The elimination of tariffs and non-tariff barriers among the ASEAN members has served as a catalyst for greater efficiency in production and long-term competitiveness. The reduction of barriers to intra-regional trade gives ASEAN consumers a wider choice of better quality consumer products. Only 247 tariff lines within the region remained outside the remit of CEPT. The Council also announced that uptake of CEPT in the newer ASEAN member countries Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos and Myanmar (CLMV) was keeping pace with the original members. The CLMV countries are greatly underdeveloped and struggle economically compared to the ASEAN-6, CLMV total GDP is only about $97 billion only 7. 5% of the $1. 3 trillion total ASEAN-6 gross domestic product. Cambodia one of the newest members of ASEAN has a trade value of $7. 58 billion as compared to Malaysia’s trade value of $323. 5 billion. ASEAN has created the Initiative for ASEAN Integration (IAI) program, which gives direction to and sharpens the focus of collective efforts in ASEAN to narrow the development gap between ASEAN’s older and newer members. Vietnam has expressed its concerns with there new membership to ASEAN and ASEAN’s Initiative for ASEAN Integration as they face several possible economic disadvantages. Vietnam and the other ASEAN economies are essentially competitive not complementary, Vietnam’s developing industry faces potentially stiff challenges from its ASEAN counterparts. Vietnam was told they would need to end its quota system, eliminate other non-tariff barriers, and enhance the transparency of its trade regime. These steps may aggravate Vietnam’s trade imbalance with ASEAN and increase an already growing trade deficit. More than half of Vietnam’s trade deficit of $3. 5 billion is with other ASEAN countries. There is also the possibility that Vietnam’s tax base could be undermined by the in-flow of goods from ASEAN states as part of the AFTA (ASEAN Free Trade Area). At present Vietnam earns a portion of its domestic revenue from tariffs on imported goods. When these tariffs are lowered or eliminated the flow of revenue from this source to the central government will decline. Despite the difficulties of integration and the concerns of new ASEAN members the ASEAN Charter and the AFTA have seen economic growth by lowering barriers to trade among its member-countries, ASEAN is creating an integrated regional market. This makes economies more efficient through a better division of labor, through the benefits of economies-of-scale. It stimulates healthy competition, lowering costs. It enlarges the domestic market. The region thus becomes more attractive to investors, creating more jobs. The CMLV economies have on average grown faster than the ASEAN-6 countries during the past decade by 5. % compared to -8. 8% in 1998 and 8. 5% compared to 6. 4% in 2007. Over the years, ASEAN’s overall trade grew from $ 10 billion in 1967, $ 14 billion in 1970, $ 134 billion in 1980, $ 302 billion in 1990 to $ 650 billion in 1995. With its combined trade value, ASEAN is the fourth largest trading entity in the world after the European Union, the United States and Japan. For about 25 years from 1970 to 1995, ASEAN’s GDP grew at an average annual rate of 7. 0 percent. Today, Southeast Asia has a total market of about 500 million people and a combined GDP of more than US$ 700 billion. How to cite The Association of Southeast Asian Nations, Papers

EA Games Case Study - Global Industry Analysis Report by Directors

Questions : You have been appointed as the Marketing Director for EA Games. As part of your role you are required to address the following issues: Q1) Critically review the Global Industry Analysis Report produced by the Marketing Executive and highlight the key strengths and weaknesses of the report. Highlight ways in which the report could have been improved. Q2) Identify the positioning objective(s) of this new product and design a positioning strategy based on achieving this objective(s). Q3) Using any product management portfolio tool (e.g. Product Life-Cycle Model, Boston Consulting Group Matrix (BCG), Growth-Share Matrix, McKinsey/GE Market Attractiveness-Competitive Position Matrix, A.D Little Business Profile Matrix), outline, appropriate marketing strategies for your new product at each stage of its life-cycle. Q4) On what basis (competitive advantage) would the new product/service compete in the market place in the long-run? Answers : Introduction. Marketing planning is complex process starting from explicit analysis of the market and includes planning entire product life cycle. Global Industry Analysis Report made by Senior Marketing Executive for EA Games included versatile industry and market analysis, new gaming product presentation, identification of marketing mix elements, identifying appropriate segmentation and targeting strategy. As a complex process, mentioned report have strong and weak sides. In purpose to compete in the market place, new product development process includes further marketing planning elements: positioning strategy; communication plan; marketing strategies for new product at each stage of product life cycle (using product management portfolio tool); new product's competitive advantage approaches. Based on Global Industry Analysis Report, this report examines further new product development elements, and also determines strengths and weaknesses of Global Industry Analysis Report. 1. Global Industry Analysis Report review. The strengths and weaknesses of the report are described in the diagram below. The report is based on complex environmental analysis. The company analysis was substantially based on the companys sales and revenue values, although these indicators gives not the solid understanding of EAs prosperous work. For instance, the fact that company sales are mainly concentrated in the USA does not confirm that the best way for company to succeed is concentrating on the USA market. According to Passport, EA has the biggest company share in Turkey, Germany and Poland (16,4%, 15.6% and 14,6% respectively). More commonly, EA has extremely high company share, hence competitive advantage in Western and Eastern Europe (Figure 1.) Moreover, according to market growth forecast statistics, North Americas gaming industry is expected to grow much slower, in comparison with Europe, Latin America, Middle East and Africa markets (Figure 2). The presented 5 Ms model for EAs internal environment has some disadvantages, for example it does not include competitive advantage, capabilities, RD, identifying combination of the resources and generated capabilities, evaluating the organizational performance. Rational and justification for introducing the new product is supported by macro and micro factors and the impact they have on the company. Segmentation and targeting strategy is created not by accident, but considering supply and demand on such type of games in the market place, and other factors. The ways to improve the report: Use Porters 5 Forces, the analysis of the organizational resources, value chain analysis, or functional analysis while analysing internal environment. (Claudiu et al., 2011) (Table 1.) Pay attention on regional comparison of EA's market share. Findings from all three environments must be precise. Linking the marketing mix to the findings in industry analysis is required. Table 1. The profile of the organizations strategic capabilities. 2. Positioning strategy 2.1 Features and distinction of positioning and communication strategy for mobile applications. Some time ago, conveying a press release, posting a couple of magazine banners worked fine to advance applications. However many of those old shareware methods don't have any significant bearing here. In unique mobile application market, frequently app producers doubtlessly see a fleeting deals knock on dispatch day that immediately dove in the week that took after. Without a long haul promoting strategy set up, companies hazard definitely shortening the life compass and profitability of the application (Wooldridge et al, 2011). Integrate a few components specifically into application can empower sales, deliver extra income streams, help clients spread the statement by means of built-in social marketing, and enhance customer support. (Smith Zook, 2011) 2.2 Positioning strategy for the new EA's mobile game. Standing out among the 500,000 or more applications accessible in the global mobile applications business is getting to be progressively difficult (Apppli, 2013). As the environment is the highly saturated app industry, differentiation from potential competitors is key (Apppli, 2013). Using appropriate communication tools for reaching mentioned objectives is expected to be taken during the whole Product Life Cycle. Each component of marketing mix is going to be applied to appropriate positioning features, created marketing mix actually delivers the intended value to target customers (Kotler Artrong, 2014) (Figure 3). Figure 3. Customer-Driven Marketing Strategy. In purpose to appeal to the targeted segment, EA made the game incredibly simple. The game allows users to play either several seconds or a few hours. The figures inside the game, which are contents of woman's handbag are aimed on attracting targeting audience, which are women of Generation X Y, professionals. According to Prescott (2013) and Angelides Agius (2014), casual and puzzle games are becoming increasingly more played by female gamers. That fact confirms this genre was chosen not incidentally. Compatibility with limited number of platforms (smartphones, tablets, Facebook), and luxury products placement (perfume, cosmetics brands, etc.) emphasizes brand's exclusivity dimension, but the same time it is easily accessible. Such combination has the right for existence, because according to Hennigs et al (2012), luxury brand scan use the web to spread the brand's dream and draw in new customers yet at the same time keep an exclusivity feature by offering specific online content and services to the brand's conventional users. The price is set by"freemium"model - freedownloadsthatsellitemswithintheapp, that is considered as monetisation tool. As of November 2013, "fremium" model represented an incredible 92% of the income created in Apple's App Store and 98% of the Google Play application store (Pham, 2014). 2.3 Communication plan When considering marketing communications it is important to emphasize the long-term and integrated nature of those communications. This requires the attention of correspondence targets which may not be accomplished for a few years, for example, brand devotion or attitude as opposed to a basic concentrate on the short term, for example, sales figures for the next period. (Masterson Wood, 2005). EA promote products worldwide through a various range of advertising and promotional tools such as TV and internet publicizing, print promoting, retail merchandising, website advancement, event sponsorship and direct communications with customers. EA's capacity to offer products is reliant to a limited extent upon the success of these tools The company spends millions of dollars for advertising and promotion. Promotional expenses were $788 and $680 million in 2013 and 2014 respectively (Electronic Arts, 2013). In purpose of creating productive communication process for the new game, EA encodes a message, targeting the audience they wish to reach. Sending messages through media which reach target audience, EA expects to receive feedback from the customers (Figure 4). EA contacts with the audience through personal (word-of-mouth) and impersonal (media) channels. The "word-of-mouth" element is put in action in real life, so as through social networking sites that facilitate interconnectivity of users. Promotion for the created "What's in your handbag?" application includes direct marketing, SMM, cross-promotion, banner advertisement inside existing EA apps, digital marketing. Chosen communication tools follows AIDA concept (Figure 5.) (Smith Zook, 2011) to separate the stages a buyer go through before getting the game. Figure 5. AIDA concept. Digital media, including online display, online retargeting, and mobile (SMS/MMS campaigns) represented the top ranges of expanded funding in 2013. Social media and direct mail enter the Top 5 most effective mediums (Direct Marketing Association, 2013). Direct marketing is one of the quickest developing areas in marketing communications, as many organizations switch a big proportion of the budget far from use of mass media (Masterman Wood, 2006). It is expected to use the tool before the app is placed in the digital stores via direct mail. Involving users on beta-testing the app helps to allocate disadvantages of a product, and get individualized response. To get the targeted audiences attention it is expected to place banner advertisement inside the existing EA mobile applications (The Sims, Bejeweled Blitz, Plants vs. Zombies) and Facebook games (Scrabble, Zuma, Solitaire) and SMM. SMM includes integrating the game to the social networks, such as Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and LinkedIn. Prior to apps launch it is key to network with app review sites and other relevant blogs and web communities. (Wooldridge, 2011). EA already has pages of all the mobile apps in the social networks, accounting more than 10 million likes each. To create buzz of interest and desire in the game EA puts ads in Facebook, this will cost approximately $10,000 a month (Killer Facebook ads, 2011), with design and image attractive for women. It is expected that cross-promotion, representing joint campaign with OPI, will be introduced in products maturity stage. "Time" is important element in marketing planning. In purpose to cover more of targeted audience, it is expected that promotion elements take place in prime-time (7:00 pm to 11:00 pm) (Figure 6). 3. BCS product portfolio matrix and product life cycle. 3.1 Boston Consulting Group Matrix for Electronic Arts' product portfolio. Part of any marketing plan involves finding of how to manage a range of different products. The BCG matrix represents a classification of business units according to market share and market growth (Strategic development and marketing planning, 2007). Mobile apps product portfolio of EA Games is presented by 246 units of 12 genres and  over huge audience of game players (EA Mobile, 2014). Table 2. Mobile apps portfolio of EA Games. Figure 7. BCG Matrix for mobile games portfolio of EA Games. Stars are products that have relatively high market share and growing market. (Assen et al., 2009). According to Newzoo (2013), "The Simpsons: Tapped Out" and "Real Racing" take the leading positions among the mobile apps. However, not all stars win over the long term. Actual market share and market growth sizes are not sufficient criteria to justify investment (Seeger, 1984). "Star Wars", "Battlefield", "Warhammer Online" are profitable apps, but their market growth is descending. "SimCity" and "Plants vs. Zombies" growth rate is uncertain, that defines them to "question marks". The forth element of the matrix is Dogs, which include "Bejeweled", "Scrabble", "Cut the rope". The new app "What's in your handbag" in the introduction stage of its life cycle takes position of question mark, with little market share and increasing market growth (from zero). Generally, there are 4 strategies to apply: 1.Build: making different investments to maintain star status or turn question marks into stars; Hold: do nothing; Reduce investments and maximize profits from stars and cash cows; Divest: "kill" the dogs and use capital received from them into stars or cash cows. The BCG Matrix adapts the Product Life Cycle Theory to set priorities in the product portfolio of a business unit or whole business (Trompenaars, 2014). 3.2. New product's life cycle. Product Lifecycle (PLC) Management helps to manage the product across the lifecycle. (Stark, 2011). New product development includes managing the product's performance during whole the PLC. Figure 8. Product lifecycle linked to BCG matrix elements. There are five main decisions that are planned to take place during the whole PLC (Fifield, 2007): Increasing the demand curve. In the introduction stage, to pay attention and get interest of the audience direct marketing and banner advertisement will take place. Reaching the "tipping point". To get the best from the "growth" stage and become a "star" EA gets rid of the "dogs" to invest more into "What's in your handbag" game. SMM and digital marketing tools play important role in new game development. Creating the "maturity boom". Just because the game is in maturity stage does not mean that subsequent growth is now possible. It is expected to stimulate demand by adding cross-promotion, which was described in Global Industry Analysis Report. Extending the maturity stage. "Stars" will need a lot of investment to maintain their position, to support further growth as well as to maintain its lead over competing products. Product extension or repositioning to maintain the product being "cash cow" longer. 4. Competitive advantages in the marketplace. According to Marketing Mentor (2014), "competitive advantage is gained by using the unique blend of activities, assets, attributes, resources, market conditions, product benefits and relationships that differentiate an organization from its competitors". Being competitive in the market place means that the company has high market share and hence strong position. For definite product strong position in the market place is achievable if customers find that the product creates value for them over a long period. If product creates value for customers, it is gaining market share and high performance in the long run (Jannesson et al., 2014). In complex mobile gaming industry marketing intelligence is crucial for creating possible competitive scenarios in marketplace (Hedin et al., 2011). To give a competitive edge to the new mobile game for women and achieve planned objectives EA uses some competitive advantage approaches. First, the game already has cost leadership, as it lower cost and broad target. In mobile gaming industry marketing, the most important thing is technology. After the game is ready, it is very important that our product should survive in the market for long runs and compete with other products. To provide a competitive game to customers, a company should take care of customers gender, likes, dislikes and demand for the concept so that the customer is going to like it for sure. With the globalization of markets and its competition, all the markets have really become easily viable. Natural opportunities are also coming to all of the market. So a company should take care of these parts before making strategy of launching the game. The clear cut motive is to win the market and after that it has chances to go worldwide too. To start, the game should have a reasonable price and interesting outlook which shows the actual concept of a game. If the game is very unique and there is no game exists in the market like ours, then it becomes very easy to sell the game and to attract customers and a make new market. It also has to take care of the same type of games which are having the same concept as ours. That is why research is a very important part before taking any action. Consistency is a very important part if you want to play long run. To play the long term game, one should be prepared for the hurdles and be always ready for the new challenges. It is necessary to Product should create a continuous demand by giving the new challenges to customers and also informing about the next part of the product so that consumer who is receiving our services will be aware and it will help for the next new product and in creating goodwill as well (Gruca and Sudharshan, 1995) Conclusion As it is already shown in the document that Global Industry should be based on different environmental things. After identifying the objective of EA Sports, it is necessary to make a plan and design it properly. A product management portfolio has also been made in the assignment. The logic of strategy should be very clear. Simplify our product by compared to products that the market is offering. And this would be the best part if a company creates a new game with a new concept. Then it is necessary to focus on making the online sales and the process is very easy in order to achieve a better online sales. After launching the game, what matters is the growth of the product in terms of sales. The promotions of the product should make an impact on the customer so that he will attract to it and will purchase it. Because the customer just wants to enjoy the services given by the provider to satisfy their wants. And it is our duty to fulfill those. So it is necessary to focus on the wants a nd demands of customers and there is also need to focus on increase in the sales of product (Product, 1989). References Cravens, D. (1975). Marketing strategy positioning.Business Horizons, 18(6), pp.53-61. Kumari, R. (2006). The Firm's Strategy Type and Market Value.Global Business Review, 7(1), pp.43-55 Nachum, L. (2012). Global comparative strategy.Global Strategy Journal, 2(1), pp.92-95. Dao, B. (n.d.). Optimal Portfolio with Structured Product in a Framework of Mean Conditional Value at Risk.SSRN Journal. Gruca, T. and Sudharshan, D. (1995). A Framework for Entry Deterrence Strategy: The Competitive Environment, Choices, and Consequences.Journal of Marketing, 59(3), p.44. JORDAN, J. and ROLOFF, M. (1997). Planning Skills and Negotiator Goal Accomplishment: The Relationship Between Self-Monitoring and Plan Generation, Plan Enactment, and Plan Consequences.Communication Research, 24(1), pp.31-63. Market and competitive intelligence: Targeting the Sci-Tech market place. (1997).World Patent Information, 19(4), p.294. Product. (1989).Information and Software Technology, 31(5), pp.286-287. Rubino, J. (2003). The New Global Industry Analysis.CFA Magazine, 14(4), pp.46-47. Feijoo, C., Gmez-Barroso, J., Aguado, J., Ramos, S. (2012). Mobile gaming: Industry challenges and policy implications. 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Organizational Terms of Positive Leadership

Question: Discuss about the Organizational Terms of Positive Leadership. Answer: Introduction Organizational success is often expressed in the terms of positive leadership, efficiency and effectiveness. Positive leadership implies motivation, encouragement and cohesive team building; efficiency denotes functioning in the best possible manner with a perfect combination of creativity, logic and timeliness; effectiveness signifies high-quality and bang-on results. Various organizations face tough situations because of inadequate management decisions leading to dictatorship instead of leadership, clashes instead of cooperation, poor allocation of resources instead of strategic utilization of resources, poor performances instead of enhanced performances and unhealthy or pessimistic organizational culture instead of innovative and optimistic culture (Matthews, 2010). A similar situation has been faced by Dharma, owner of a non-profit organization named Helping Hands who has managed to raise an energetic and enthusiastic team of 10 permanent members and 20 volunteers. In the exploratory and struggling journey of five years, she has introduced and implemented the changes successfully. But, since last few months there has been an increased requirement for the services and amenities which the organization usually provides to the deprived families. Due to the economic down turn the families were facing a tough time and were finding it harder to survive. Since Dharma was packed up with the major collaboration and networking activities with the government departments and other organizations; it was not a cake-walk for her to look after the daily operations and functioning. But she was aware of the criticality and wanted to act on it, so she decided to promote one of the loyal and dedicated workers named Jenny to management role along with three new staff members for assistance. Within two months; things got off track and the staff got divided into two conflicting groups. As a result, neither the workers are feeling motivated nor they are willing to work in such a stressful and unhealthy culture now. To sort out the issue of inadequate and slow-paced services, Dharma took a quick decision to promote Jenny as she trusted her. As time was less and work was endless, Dharma delegated the responsibilities to Jenny without thorough discussions and in-depth analysis. Since, the management decisions were taken in haste and the approach lacked few important aspects; the organization is now facing ineffectiveness, inefficiency and conflicts. Dharmas noble thinking, vision, dedication, communication skills and perseverance have made her reach a stable and steady level; now she just cannot afford to lose a full-fledged team of workers and volunteers. All her efforts and hard work would go in vain; if corrective measures are not adopted. Nerve-wracking environment, demotivated employees and dissented team can lead to organizational failure. Being a consultant; the paramount responsibilities would be to research and analyze the best approach and practices related to management decisions, effective leadership, cooperation and organizational change management. Research and Analysis Organizations achieve success when people, processes and practices work in synchronization or cohesion. Factors like socio-economic conditions, political environment, and technological revolution bring major changes in the organizations and the art to welcome, adapt to and manage the changes lies in the correct management decisions which promote strength, support and unity (Tran Tian, 2013). But unfortunately many organizations like Helping Hand face situations of distress and mistrust because of hasty decisions, inadequate research and ineffective leadership (Shulman, 2010). A research journal by Scott Ballantyne explores the relationship between leadership and decision-making. According to Ballantyne, the prime responsibility of a leader during decision-making is to follow a collaborative approach which encourages the employees to share ideas, philosophies and opinions. Inclusive and collaborative leadership empower the employees to participate in the decision-making processes making them feel motivated and valued. Such decisions usually are very effective and fruitful (Ballantyne, 2011). A leader needs to realize the importance of cohesion, team-building and sharing. It is crucial for a leader to understand that a team of enthused and inspired members can never make wrong decisions (Janczak, 2005). Though the journal explains the importance of a leader whose style and approach promote positivity and creativity but a close analysis of the case highlights the trust and expectations that Dharma had on the capabilities and performance of Jenny. She was always a motivated and committed worker therefore; her attitude had to be positive, energetic and inspiring. But, on the contrary, Jenny could not handle the team effectively. She could not motivate the workers, in fact she was accused of publicly criticizing the staff and dividing the team. Why did it happen? How is it possible for a self-motivated and devoted worker to not practice effective leadership? Why her inspiring and dedicated attitude took a backseat after promotion? Why could not she manage her roles and responsibilities despite of being a great worker? Why her decisions became noxious for the organization? The answer to all the questions and doubts above is lack of proper training. Dharmas decision to promote Jenny to a newly created management role could have been fruitful if proper training and development sessions were organized for her. As they say haste makes waste; a similar situation has soared in the organization. In a research project by Jean B. Leslie, four chief skills for an effective leadership are leading people, strategic planning, inspiring commitment and managing change. Unfortunately, these are the weakest competencies for todays leaders because of inadequate training and development. Even if the leader is sensitive and compassionate, insufficient preparation for future challenges and high-end tasks can lead to doomed work climate and poor performances (Leslie, 2009). Jenny, despite of being a great performer could not handle the leadership pressure. She somehow failed at managing the staff and keeping them enthused as she was not provided with proper guidance and coaching. But; is it not crucial to provide counselling and guidance to the employees as well? Is it not beneficial to mentally prepare the employees to welcome and accept the new managers and leaders? What if the manager or the leader is striving hard to gain the trust and foster a maven team but the employees remain rigid? A research by MIJARC Europe on NGO management training argues that training and development is a two-way process. If the leaders and managers are required to undergo training sessions then the workers and volunteers also require guidance and mentoring on how to adapt to the new changes, how to understand the management strategies formulated by managers and leaders and how to strengthen the relationships (Coosemans, 2013). It usually happens that even if the leader is trying hard to introduce positive changes or if he is making an effort to improvise on the strategies or practices; the workers become resistant and do not try to participate or even act accordingly (Trevithick, 2007). Helping Hand might be facing the same issue. Neither Jenny nor the staff was prepared for this change. Being a consultant, analyzing the importance of effective leadership and promoting the concept of training and development wont be enough. There are still few significant questions which need to be answered. Do training and development programs guarantee superior performances? Can such sessions directly lead to effective leadership and team-building? If training sessions are not organized thoroughly then what alternatives could help? The answer lies in the research article named The role of supervision in social work: A critical analysis by Jeanne Marie Hughes which explores that effective supervision improves the quality of daily operations and activities. It is educative, supportive and managerial in nature. Supervision examines and evaluates the ideas, practices and processes and enlightens the employees about the correct directions (Hughes, 2010). Dharma had promoted Jenny but could not train her since she was occupied with other crucial tasks but sadly she could not even manage to supervise Jennys approaches and attitude as a leader. She should have been there to oversee, monitor, guide and support Jenny and the staff members. National Association of Social Workers, in its research named Best Practice Standards in Supervision explains that effective supervision is essential for addressing a variety of issues and taking corrective measures (Tsui, 2005). Supervisors play a key role in the personal, professional and organizational development. They need to ensure whether the managers or leaders are able to formulate expected standards and strategies or not, whether they have the ability to cultivate and nurture a motivated and cohesive team or not and whether the changes, improvisations and innovations are being successfully implemented or not (Fuller Petch, 2005). Had Dharma been there to supervise and guide the team, the case would have been different. Conclusion As a consultant it is the foremost responsibility to not only analyse what has gone wrong but also to examine why has it gone wrong and how could it be sorted. Establishing an organization is not a childs play; it requires patience and risk taking ability along with years of hard-work, diligence, experimenting and networking. But speedy decisions, ignorance and lack of supervision and training and development programs can hamper the organizational culture and ruin the efficiency and effectiveness as in the case of Dharmas not-for-profit organization. Helping Hand has been experiencing a jarring and jolting phase and being a consultant it was a prerequisite to understand the criticality of the situation by analysing the various studies and research works which are conducted, so that apposite recommendations can be provided to Dharma. The research and analysis has clearly portrayed the value of making decisions strategically and diagnostically. The analysis has shown the importance of effective leadership, collaborative work practices, strong bonding, effective change management process, training and development and supervision. Recommendations Now that the reasons behind the issues are detected; it is important to recommend certain corrective measures that need to be executed in order to bring everything back on track. Firstly, it is vital for Dharma to devote her time in patiently listening and considering the views, opinions, grievances and queries of Jenny, staff members and volunteers. Dharma has to let everyone speak out the issues, troubles and scrapes they are going through. It is quite important to understand the mind-set and outlook of every employee. Evaluation of the actual behaviour, attitude and approach of Jenny needs to be conducted as well. It has been proven that once the employees speak their minds out and pour their hearts out; it gets easier for them to remain calm and unruffled. At this point of time, Dharma needs to carefully make them understand that new changes bring new challenges and quitting the job without trying out for the solutions is sheer escapism. Motivational interactions could be very beneficial as employees would feel heard and valued. Once the evaluation is done and employees are unflustered, training goals could be easily understood and accordingly training and development programs could be framed. Training delivery methods should be interactive, enlightening, collaborative and innovative leading to constructivism, intrinsic motivation and cooperation. Once the training interventions are over; it would be the primary responsibility of Dharma to manage time out of the busy schedule and conduct an effective supervision regularly. References Tsui, M 2005, Social work supervision: Contexts and concepts, Sage Publications, New York. Trevithick, P 2007, Social Work Skills: A Practice Handbook, Open University Press, New York. Shulman, L 2010, Interactional supervision, NASW Press, Washington DC. Ballantyne, S 2011, Leadership and decision-making, Journal of management and marketing research, vol. 4, issue no. 3, pp. 1-6. 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